How to reset Lion to the factory default

If you want to factory reset your Mac OS Lion back to the setup assistant you'll have to:

1) Do all of the necessary installations, etc. just as under Snow Leopard, using your setupacctname account.

2) Once that is done, BEFORE restarting in single user mode:

sudo su
dscl . -delete /Groups/admin GroupMembership setupacctname
dscl . -delete /Users/setupacctname

3) Reboot into single user mode (Hold Command-s at startup)

4) Check the filesystem:

/sbin/fsck -fy

5) Mount the filesystem:

/sbin/mount -uw /

6) Remove the setupacctname directory:

rm -R /Users/setupacctname

7) Remove or rename .AppleSetupDone so you get the language choice

cd /var/db/
mv .AppleSetupDone .RunLanguageChooserToo

or

rm .AppleSetupDone

8) Delete miscellaneous files (unnecessary, but useful if you're imaging the drive):

rm -R /Library/Caches/*
rm -R /System/Library/Caches/*
rm -R /var/vm/swapfile*

9) Shutdown or restart

On next boot your Mac will go to the start of the initial Apple Setup program just like when you first powered it on after purchase. All clean and ready to sell or give to a new user.

Another way of doing it is:

restart in single user mode by holding Command-S at startup and then run:

/sbin/fsck -fy
mount -uw /
rm var/db/dslocal/nodes/default/users/<shortname>.plist
rm -r users/<shortname>
rm var/db/.AppleSetupDone
reboot

How to reset OS X back to the Setup Assistant

If you want to factory reset your Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard and older:

1. Press Command-S during startup to get into single user mode
2. Check the filesystem:

# /sbin/fsck -fy

3. Mount the root partition as writable:

# /sbin/mount -uw /

4. Remove the hidden .AppleSetupDone file:

# rm /var/db/.AppleSetupDone

5. a) For Mac OS X 10.5 ‘Leopard’ and newer, do:

# launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.DirectoryServices.plist

Repeat for every user previously defined on the machine (replace {username} with the real user name):

# dscl . -delete /Users/{username}
# dscl . -delete /Groups/admin GroupMembership {username}

5. b) For older versions of Mac OS X, do:

# rm -rf /var/db/netinfo/local.nidb

6. Remove the home directories of users. For every user do (replace {username} with the real user name):

# rm -rf /Users/{username}

7. If applicable, remove already created files in root’s home directory, e.g.

# rm /root/.bash_history

8. Shutdown (or reboot to verify the procedure worked):

# shutdown -h now

or:

# reboot

VPN Ports

PPTP:
To allow PPTP tunnel maintenance traffic, open TCP 1723.
To allow PPTP tunneled data to pass through router, open Protocol ID 47.

L2TP over IPSec
To allow Internet Key Exchange (IKE), open UDP 500.
To allow IPSec Network Address Translation (NAT-T) open UDP 4500.
To allow L2TP traffic, open UDP 1701.

OpenVPN:

OpenVPN uses port 1194 udp and tcp:

Here’s the Cisco access list: (gre=Protocol ID 47, pptp=1723, isakmp=500, non500-isakmp=4500):

permit gre any any
permit tcp any any eq 1194
permit udp any any eq 1194
permit udp any any eq isakmp
permit udp any any eq non500-isakmp
permit udp any any eq 5500
permit tcp any any eq 1723
permit udp any any eq 1701

List existing databases and tables in Oracle

Oracle has no "databases" but "schemas", you can list them with:

SELECT username FROM all_users ORDER BY username;

Or with:

SELECT username, account_status FROM dba_users ORDER BY 1;

Or with:

select distinct username from dba_objects;

Or with:

SELECT DISTINCT owner FROM dba_objects ORDER BY 1;

When connected to oracle you'll use by default the schema corresponding to your username (connecting as SCOTT all objects created by you will belong to SCOTT's schema) and you'll also be able to use objects in different schemas that you've been granted rights on. Say you are SYSTEM and you want to read all entries from table A that resides in SCOTT's schema, you'll write something like:

SELECT * FROM SCOTT.A;

You can also list existing tables with:

SELECT owner, table_name FROM dba_tables;

Or if you do not have access to DBA_TABLES, you can see all the tables that your account has access to through the ALL_TABLES view:

SELECT owner, table_name FROM all_tables;

If you are only concerned with the tables that you own, not those that you have access to, you could use USER_TABLES

SELECT table_name FROM user_tables;

Since USER_TABLES only has information about the tables that you own, it does not have an OWNER column-- the owner, by definition, is you.

Oracle also has a number of legacy data dictionary views-- TAB, DICT, TABS, and CAT for example-- that could be used. In general, I would not suggest using these legacy views unless you absolutely need to backport your scripts to Oracle 6. Oracle has not changed these views in a long time so they often have problems with newer types of objects. For example, the TAB and CAT views both show information about tables that are in the user's recycle bin while the [DBA|ALL|USER]_TABLES views all filter those out. CAT also shows information about materialized view logs with a TABLE_TYPE of "TABLE" which is unlikely to be what you really want. DICT combines tables and synonyms and doesn't tell you who owns the object.

Set SVN svn:externals In Command Line

Use this command if you wish to include the pysphere code inside your project repository:

svn propset svn:externals 'pysphere http://pysphere.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/' .

Note that dot at the end of the command and the quotes around the directory name and url.

Now commit with:

svn commit

and then update:

svn up

In order to set multiple directory/url pairs in a single svn:externals property, you should put the individual dir/url pairs into a file (let's call it 'svn.externals'), like so:

pysphere http://pysphere.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/
some_other_lib http://svn.some-other-lib.org/trunk/

and then apply the property using

svn propset svn:externals -F svn.externals .

You should also just check in 'svn.externals' to easily keep track of it.

You can also use:

svn propedit svn:externals .

an editor will open and you can add the external repositories, one per line, like this:

path/to/extenal http://url/of/repo